Get the Scoop on Introduction of Argumentative Essay Samples Before Youre Too Late

Get the Scoop on Introduction of Argumentative Essay Samples Before You're Too Late You might also see concept essays. So you were assigned with a persuasive essay but you need no clue what it appears like. In order to give an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it is advisable to take a look at some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. A very good persuasive essay example should show you your thesis statement should accomplish three things. To begin with, you will want to understand what an argumentative essay is. First of all, you need to understand what an argumentative essay is. Every argumentative essay ought to be based on a topic that may be debated. It is very important to be aware an argumentative essay and an expository essay could be similar, but they vary greatly with regard to the quantity of pre-writing and research involved. The Most Popular Introduction of Argumentative Essay Samples A decent persuasive argument will use the latest data and data from verified sources. Though your introduction has to be short, it also ought to convey plenty of information. How much space you will need for background is dependent on your topic and the range of your essay. You should introduce your precise topic and offer any essential background information that the reader would have to have in order to comprehend the problem that you're presenting in the paper. You might also want to incorporate a quick discussion of more research that ought to be completed in light of your work. Science experiments are among the most authentic methods of getting knowledge about the world around. Choose from popular topics that folks are passionate about. Third, students will be mindful of the risks and negative effects that could emerge in the event of improper sexual behavior. Introduction of Argumentative Essay Samples - Is it a Scam? Any writing work demands an impeccable introduction so as to transition to the succeeding portions of the paper. If you need assistance, you could always find someone who's writing essays for college cheap. Tell our experts what sort of homework help on the internet you will need to get. Finding out how to compose an essay introduction may appear the very best start for virtually any student who is fighting with his academic endeavor. Argumentative essays utilize logic, facts, and reasoning to set the victor. Rem ember an argumentative essay is based more on facts rather than emotion. Bear in mind a persuasive essay is simply a reflection of your beliefs or opinions. Any fantastic task finishes with a wonderful conclusion and the very best examples of the argumentative essay will arrive in with a conclusion which has an overview of all of the points together with a gist of the evidences provided. What's Actually Going on with Introduction of Argumentative Essay Samples In many instances, you can move straight from your introduction to the very first paragraph of your physique. Bear in mind that it's not essential to compose the introduction first. In the end, the introduction must conclude with a very clear statement of the total point you wish to make in the paper. It has three essential parts, each of which serves a particular purpose. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Introduction of Argumentative Essay Samples The very first sentence of the essay has to be int eresting enough to produce the reader read on. Probably you do, because you're hunting for assistance with your essay writing. Bear in mind that the period of your essay is based on the assignment provided to you. A five-paragraph essay may be as long as 2000 words and you have to keep an eye about the quantity of words in 1 page. Possessing the most suitable vocabulary is critical for writing a first-class essay. When you're writing an abortion argumentative essay, you're absolutely free to support any side that you desire. It isn't a must, but should you care about your topic, it's going to be resembled in your writing. You might also locate the precise subject of your writing. An argumentative essay is a sort of written assignment where the author describes an issue or a circumstance and supplies the examples of two contrasting opinions on this issue. It has a specific format that needs to be followed to blow the mind of the reader, and it is especially useful for students as well as the corporate while making strategic proposals. Writing an argumentative essay can occasionally be confusing since you don't necessarily understand how to compose a convincing argument. Writing a persuasive, argumentative essay can be challenging, and at times it can find a little confusing.

Positive Effects of Peer Pressure Essay - 561 Words

Positive Effects of Peer Pressure When you think of the words â€Å"peer pressure’, what is the first thing that comes to mind? Majority of us would say that peer pressure is an influence from friends or classmates to do something risky that results in delinquent activities. Some people conform to such ways because as they say, â€Å"Everyone is doing it.† What if I told you that there is a positive side to peer pressure? Yes, you can be pressured into making the right choices. It can teach you to be mature, responsible and do what’s right all the time for yourself depending on the crowd you choose to hang with. Everyday your behavior is influenced my negative and positive approaches of others whether it’s at school or at work. Knowing how peer†¦show more content†¦I had to behave and dress a certain way because I was the one all cadets looked up. I was pressured by my superiors to always do my best. They were the reason I stayed away from troubl e, didn’t let anyone push me over or do anything that would jeopardize my future. Being mature and responsible was the way of life for me. I made that choice to do what is right all the time. You wouldn’t believe how many classmates came up to me and said they want to either be like me or earn the rank I had. They knew what it came with. It was all because when my instructors pressured me to do what is right, I pressured them. With that type of pressure, they have learned to overcome any obstacles in life, become more responsible and achieve fantastic grades. In fact, just like JROTC, at work, we are all motivated to strive for the best and do the right thing. Our bosses may breathe down our neck but when you are in an environment built on teamwork, the peer pressure is known as motivation. Our armed forces are pushed hard by each other to either achieve good grades in academic and inspections to overcoming the hardships of physical activity at war. They are taught to never give up. There is no such that as the word â€Å"cant† in their vocabulary. Positive peer pressure builds strength and pushes you to do things that you didn’t have the courage to do. All in all, peer pressure can be considered positive as well as life changing. Motivation is given andShow MoreRelatedPositive Effect of Peer Pressure962 Words   |  4 Pages CONCEPT PAPER GUIDELINES I. TITLE Positive effect of peer pressure to teens II. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the study As children grow into preteens and then into teenagers, they often become less dependent on the family and more dependent on their peers when it comes to making choices and developing morals and values. Peer pressure can have a positive effect when it encourages teens to develop social skills necessary for adulthood. UnfortunatelyRead MorePositive Effect of Peer Pressure954 Words   |  4 Pages CONCEPT PAPER GUIDELINES I. TITLE Positive effect of peer pressure to teens II. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the study As children grow into preteens and then into teenagers, they often become less dependent on the family and more dependent on their peers when it comes to making choices and developing morals and values. Peer pressure can have a positive effect when it encourages teens to develop social skills necessary for adulthood. UnfortunatelyRead MoreThe Positive And Negative Effects Of Peer Pressure1479 Words   |  6 PagesPeer pressure is a social issue that has been around in the past and will last in the future. It is one thing that all teenagers have in common. It is highly influential with positive and negative effects. Some teenagers are more likely to give in whereas others are more likely to stand their ground. The feeling of belonging and social acceptance is considered very important, while social rejection and exclusions are very much feared. Peer pressure is defined as a feeling of pressure to engageRead MoreA Standard Multiple Regression Was Performed Investigating The Effect O f Age710 Words   |  3 PagesA standard multiple regression was performed investigating the effects of age, gender, perceived peer pressure about environmentally conscious behaviour, and selfishness on participation in environmentally conscious behaviour. Preliminary results indicated that higher scores on peer pressure were associated with higher scores on behaviour. Results also indicated that there were no significant relationships between scores on age, gender or selfishness, and scores on behaviour. Results indicated thatRead MorePeer Presure at School794 Words   |  3 PagesPeer Pressure at School Every human being has an inner feeling of wanting to belong somewhere. Even belonging to one’s family is not enough. Individual will strive to belong to a wider group existing within his or her environment. Consequently, this exposes one to peer pressure. Peer pressure is the influence exerted on an individual by a person or a group to do something or act in a manner that he or she would otherwise not consider doing on his or her own. It has traditionally been associated withRead MoreNegative and Positive Effects of Peer Relationships1564 Words   |  7 PagesPossessing a functional or dysfunctional family is of much importance to a healthy development, helping children through peer pressure, acceptance, and the anxiety of belonging. Yet how important is the environment that a child is raised on, this being shared or non-shared? How difficult or easy can peer pressure be? Will peer pressure help or deter a child from being functional. How much do these factors affect develo pment from childhood to adolescence? This paper will explain the different stagesRead MorePeer Pressure Essay693 Words   |  3 Pagesgeneration. Peer Pressure. We have all at one stage in our lives, experienced it. We all know what it feels like to be pressured by a peer. Peer pressure today impacts on kids of my generation in a huge aspect. Teenagers feel social pressure in numerous ways such as clothing, music and entertainment choices, to unsafe areas such as drugs, alcohol and smoking. During adolescence, kids emphasize their independence and explore their identity. Yet they still crave the approval of their peers and worryRead MorePeer Pressure1013 Words   |  5 PagesPeer pressure From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Peer pressure is influence that a peer group, observers or individual exerts that encourages others to change their attitudes, values, or behaviors to conform the group norms. Social groups affected include membership groups, in which individuals are formally members (such as political parties and trade unions), or social cliques in which membership is not clearly defined. A person affected by peer pressure may or may not want to belong to theseRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Peer Pressure1532 Words   |  7 Pages Peer Pressure: An Epidemic We all have been young adolescents before and experienced all the things junior high and high school has to offer. Being a teenager is something everyone has or will experience in our life times. Teenagers go through a crucial time in their lives where they really figure out who they are and how to make more adult decisions. Peer pressure has always been a regular part of teenage life. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry states â€Å"Peers play a large roleRead MorePeer Pressure Affects Academic Performance of Second Year Students1117 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Peer Pressure Affects Academic Performance of Second Year Students Dependent Variable: Academic performance of second year students Independent Variable: Peer Pressure Objective: To know how academic performance among second year high school students is being affected by peer pressure. Introduction: To be successful in life, one must begin by being successful in school. In high school, we were all told to work hard so that we could get good grades and scores that would get

Prostitution Should Be Legalized - 1072 Words

Prostitution in America Some consider prostitution to be evil, sin incarnated. They believe that the act of fornication with an unknown and unloved person is unholy and should be punishable. They may believe that those who are prostitutes are not human, but instead creatures that have given into their most primal lust. To give into the carnal temptation of sex, and to resolve it through means that are not considered normal, sentences one to eternal damnation. Or so some believe, and I respect their beliefs. However one’s belief, or even many â€Å"one’s† banding together with a unified belief, should not reflect society as a whole. It should not dictate how every one person spends their time, especially when it does not show any evidence of†¦show more content†¦If we legalize prostitution we will be able to better regulate the conditions of prostitutes. Currently, many prostitutes are take by force, beaten, and given drugs in order remain submissive. But an equal if not greate r amount of prostitutes willfully go into the business as they see it as a viable option, if not the only viable option, to make a living. The current solution to a public official finding a prostitute, no matter if they are willing or not, is to punish them through arresting and fining them. In some areas police are familiar with the prostitutes, not because they themselves use their services but because they are impounded so frequently before being bailed out by their pimps. If prostitution was legalized prostitutes would be protected by workers rights laws. They would be given a fair pay, possibly enough to get them out of their current situation and quit, and would be better protected from any violence a pimp may normally have to resort to. Furthermore, if it’s legal then more people will decide to join the occupation which will greatly diminish the need to obtain prostitutes with unethical methods. And even if said prostitutes were obtained with unethical methods the reg ulations against it will cause the people in charge of the kidnapping and not the victims to be punished. From a purely monetary standpoint, the prostitution business is a billion dollar industry. Currently we are spendingShow MoreRelatedShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1406 Words   |  6 PagesProstitution is one of the largest controversial issue facing the United States. The definition of prostitution, according to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, is the act or practice of engaging in sexual relations especially for the money. Prostitution has been constantly bashed by the media and is currently legal in only one state. In this state, only one county has banned prostitution. Why is it illegal? What is wrong with prostitution that has made it illegal? These are the important questions thatRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1048 Words   |  5 PagesWalker May,15,2015 Should prostitution be legalized? Most of us have heard of prostitution and the controversial opinions of people whether it should be legalized or not. The fact is that prostitution has been practiced for many years regardless of its legality. As defined in the dictionary prostitution is the exchange of sex for money. Out of the 50 states in the U.S., Nevada is the only states were prostitution is legal. On the other hand, in some European countries prostitution is not illegal andRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1111 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution has been around for a very long time. There has been great debates over the last few decades about prostitution law reform. It is accepted by some, denied by others, or just forbidden. Prostitution is that one thing that people do and does not get brought up for discussion after the fact. It is what some people call dirty and distasteful. But prostitution whether legalized or not will continue to happen. I will argue that prostitution should be legalized becaus e it would bring more benefitRead MoreShould Prostitution be Legalized?1658 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution is an issue that has been debated in many countries. 22 countries have legalized prostitution. In the United States, prostitution is only legal in 11 rural counties in Nevada. It used to be legal in Rhode Island due to a loophole, but since 2009, it has been illegal. Women are not the only ones who are prostitutes, about 20 to 30% of prostitutes are male, which means both genders are affected by laws against prostitution. Men and women should be allowed to choose how they want to useRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1663 Words   |  7 PagesDecriminalizing prostitution in the United States will be a hazard to the nation. Prostitution has been often called one of the oldest jobs in the world. However, it has been illegal in nearly all societies throughout history. Currently, there have been various countries where prostitution has been legalized by the government, allowing people over eighteen year olds to work as prostitutes legally. Nonetheless, those countries have had several negative effects following the legalization of prostitution. NeverthelessRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1725 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution Should Be Legalized Some say prostitution is the world s oldest profession. Yet, only a small percentage of the world’s government allows it. The legalization of prostitution is a very controversial topic due to many people’s moral beliefs. Prostitutes all over the world are treated as outcasts. A reason for people to be against prostitution could be due to their religious beliefs, moral standpoints, or lack of knowledge over the subject. Many religions state that sex outside of marriageRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1188 Words   |  5 PagesShould Prostitution be legalized? Prostitution is defined as the engaging in, or agreeing to engage in, sexual conduct for a fee. Women are pushed into entering prostitution for many reasons including lack of education, poverty, and personal choice. Prostitution is currently illegal, but there is much controversy surrounding this issue. Picture in your mind this scenario: Jane is a 26 year old single woman who makes her living working the streets as a prostitute. She is clean, and is tested regularlyRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1411 Words   |  6 PagesShould prostitution be Legalized? Whether or not prostitution should be legalized is, for some, a morally plagued question. The value society puts on sex can directly affect whether or not legalization will be considered. Even within Europe there is a drift. While France has banned prostitution it is legal in Germany, and has been since 2002. Is France morally outstanding, or is there something more to prostitution then what generally thought? The legalization of prostitution will affect many otherRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1537 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Petretto English 111 15 Nov. 2016 Should Prostitution be Legalized? Prostitution has been and may always be one of the most controversial topics in the United States. While there are some who argue that prostitution should be legalized, others do not agree with this theory. Some advocates argue that prostitution is a victimless crime and that it should be a decision that one chooses on his or her own. They also believe that the legalization of prostitution will minimize crime, increase tax revenueRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1555 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Prostitution Prostitutes are people of multiple backgrounds and of either gender who make the decision to participate in sex acts for profit in a business-like setting. I support the legalization of prostitution because I believe that legalized prostitution will be a benefit of society. Once legalized, prostitution can provide many benefits to the participants of the business. Prostitution can provide a benefit of the economy in most places, and provide safe business practices and

Analysis Of The Poem Crucible - 1162 Words

Michael DeJesus English 11 Dowling Per. 0 October 27 2014 Crucible Short Answer Questions Act 1 The irony in this statement is that they created this civilization in order to have religious freedom, but they only want religious freedom for themselves The witch-hunt years were a time of general revenge because the grudges that were present in the town turned into witch accusations. It gave people with grudges an opportunity to hurt the people they were against Tituba is the slave of Parris, who is from Barbados. Abigail is the niece of Parris. Her parents died in front of her. She is the main accuser of the witches. Betty is Parris’s daughter who is ill and unconscious at the beginning of the play. Mrs. Putnam believes there are witches in Salem because she thinks her babies died due to witchcraft. Thomas Putnam is bitter because his wife’s brother in law was rejected as a minister. Also, he tries to break his father’s will, which left too much to his step-brother Parris says this because he has brought Abigail in and taken care of her. However, in return, she has brought nothing but trouble. Mary argues that the girls should confess in order to avoid getting a harsh punishment. Abigail rejects this idea. Proctor is a farmer in his thirties. He has a wife and three children. Abigail and John Proctor were having an affair. This was shocking because Abigail is much younger than Proctor. The sign that Betty was bewitched was that she could not stand to hear the Lord’s name.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem The Crucible Ladies And Gentlemen Of The Byron Bay 1206 Words   |  5 Pagesto make its mark. As an avid poetry lover, I wholeheartedly believe that the poem,‘Remembrance’ by Emily Bronte and its complimenting song, ‘Helena’ by My Chemical Romance should be read aloud at the Byron Bay Poetry Festival, as they both touch on such a relevant subject that has been so curiously pondered by both the young and old since the beginning of time. Today, I will analyse both of these truly incredible poems that use aesthetic features such as the powerful theme of life and death, alongRead MoreThe Freedom Writers And Romeo And Juliet905 Words   |  4 Pageswe read Lord Of the Flies and Of Mice and Men among other books were we would always have an easy question followed by an essay. In both of these classes helped me develop structure ca lled tieac which stands for topic, intro to evidence, evidence, analysis, and conclusion. Both my freshmen teachers helped me develop this structure for my essays. Our essays had to be typed in 12 inch font but we didn t have an official format that we had to go by. Sophomore year I had the same English 9 teacher forRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Mind1900 Words   |  8 Pagesmesmerized by. These men were very successful writers and shared many of the same techniques within their stories. Carl Jung was born July 26, 1875, he died June 6, 1961. He was known for studying the human psychology. He was mainly interested in dream analysis and the collective unconscious. Carl Jung is another successful writer, during his career he was able to meet Sigmund Freud who was a huge inspiration to him. All three men Sigmund Freud, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Carl Jung all had the same generalRead MoreSupernatural in American Fiction Essay2928 Words   |  12 PagesMankind would never submit to this. He will immediately turn to the darkness. Drawn by his own cords of fear and longing, man will imagine that he is tired of the light and his small, familiar world.3 No amount of rationalization... or Freudian analysis can overcome the thrill of the chimney-corner whisper or the lonely wood.4 Why? Children will always be afraid of the dark and men will always shudder at what they do not understand, yet everyone will continue to seek it. Perhaps it is becauseRead MoreHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 PagesHow To Write Literary Analysis The Literary Essay: A Step-by-Step Guide When you read for pleasure, your only goal is enjoyment. You might find yourself reading to get caught up in an exciting story, to learn about an interesting time or place, or just to pass time. Maybe you’re looking for inspiration, guidance, or a reflection of your own life. There are as many different, valid ways of reading a book as there are books in the world. When you read a work of literature in an English classRead MoreHAMLET AND ORESTES10421 Words   |  42 Pageswith character, though in the course of the comparison I shall of course consider the situations in which my heroes are placed, and the other persons with whom they are associated. Orestes in Greek occurs in poem is very clearly a traditional character. He after poem, in tragedy after tragedy, varying slightly in each one but always true to type. He is, I think, the most central and typical tragic hero on the Greek stage; and he ^eight if we occurs in no less thanRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesJamaicans regard as their cultural contribution to the world. Later I will return to these issues and will demonstrate how they contribute to the routinization of Rastafari in Jamaica. The nature of this book dictates a heavy reliance on documentary analysis. My focus is interpretation not ethnography. Therefore, I have not sought to generate primary data on the movement but to analyze and re-analyze the growing body of scholarly and popular literature on the movement, including sociological and anthropologicalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesof systematic study. Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB. Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB. Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts. Compare the three levels of analysis in this book’s OB model. MyManagementLab Access a host of interactive learning aids to help strengthen your understanding of the chapter concepts at www.mymanagementlab.com cott Nicholson sits alone in his parents’ house in suburban Boston

The Topic of Management - 1152 Words

Management is a term that was derived from the French word menager, meaning â€Å"to use carefully,† and the Italian word maneggiare, meaning â€Å"to handle,† and was originally applied to horse training. Contemporary management is an ongoing process by which managers create, direct and maintain organizations through coordinated human effort to ensure that their organization’s resources are used appropriately to attain the highest level of performance and productivity. It is the fundamental integrating process designed to achieve organized, purposeful and meaningful results. Management is working with and through individuals or groups to accomplish organizational goals (Book, #). In recent years, management has evolved from the manager being the sole governance of the organization to a more team-oriented approach (Book, #). An understanding of management can help ensure continuity, promote good human relations and contribute to increased performance. A manager is someone who coordinates, integrates and directs the work of other members. A position as a manager requires a specific set of skills, including technical skill, human skill, conceptual skill, political skill and leadership. As the head of an organization, leadership is a responsibility that falls on the manager (Book, #). Leadership is the process of influencing the behavior and attitudes of others to achieve intended outcomes and is the key to managerial success (Ray, #). A directive approach to management is a one-personShow MoreRelatedTopic: Performance Management6978 Words   |  28 Pages © 2013 The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. All rights reserved.  ®/â„ ¢ Registered Trade-Marks/Trade-Marks are owned by The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the copyright holder. MODULE 1, ASSIGNMENT 1 August 30, 2013 Topic: Performance Management Overview Welcome to Module 1. If you have not already done so, read the Program Manual located in the Reference Material section of the CMA CanadaRead MoreDownsizing Is A Popular Topic In The Business Management1164 Words   |  5 PagesDownsizing is a popular topic in the business management world at the moment which is against the traditional understanding that businesses only grow bigger to become successful. This essay shall discuss the issues surrounding the topic of downsizing. This essay shall cover the topics of definition of downsizing, reasons for downsizing, impacts of downsizing, success and failure of downsizing, and the organisations’ strategic consideration against downsizing decision making. This paragraph introducesRead MoreModern Management Define Management : A Clear Definition Of The Topic At Hand974 Words   |  4 PagesI think that the first thing to do when discussing management is to have a clear definition of the topic at hand, therefore referring to Samuel C. Certo and S. Trevis Certo, who in their book modern management define management as: â€Å"†¦, management is the process of reaching organisational goals by working with and through people and other organisational resources.† (Samuel C. Certo, 2009) (The original text is written in American English.) Therefore I would suggest that the resources that we hadRead MoreGoogle s People Management Division On The Topic Essay2789 Words   |  12 Pagesresearch, implementation, and review of Google’s people management division on the topic â€Å"Do Managers Matter?† Starting as soon as the early 2000’s but coming to full steam in 2009, Google’s people analytics group initiated a research project, deemed Project Oxygen, to investigate if and how management style would potentially affect employees. Through lengthy data collection, Project Oxygen members discovered that a certain eight management characteristics resulted in a noticeably larger gain inRead MoreHuman resource management. Topic on recruitment and selection.4325 Words   |  18 Pagesand seemingly worthless. Add a bit of heat into it, and watch it transform before your eyes. Every now and then people in life can do the same thing.Executive Proverb. IntroductionRecruitment and selection is an integral part of human resource management and more specifically as part of the human resource planning process. As future graduates we wanted to get a better understanding of what awaits us in terms of securing future employment. Recruitment and selection is widely researched and discussedRead MoreClassroom Management and Pull-out Services: Research questions and Personal View on the Research Topic1706 Words   |  7 Pagesfifteen interview questions related to my topic of choice. Each of my research articles directly address my topic for this project, however some are specifically related to a particular aspect of my topic. In short, I compiled research and empirical studies on classroom management--the importance and influence it has on the everyday, overall functioning of the classroom and techniques and characteristics for effective classroom management, classroom management and its relation to students with specialRead MoreDespite M any Criticisms, and a Wealth of Newer Theories on the Topic of Managing People, Taylorism (I.E. Scientific Management) Is Alive and Well in the 21st Century.2422 Words   |  10 PagesDespite many criticisms, and a wealth of newer theories on the topic of managing people, Taylorism (i.e. Scientific Management) is alive and well in the 21st century. The purpose of this essay is to show that Taylorism (Scientific Management) is still alive and well in the world today despite the many criticism and newer theories of management. The essay will be structured into four main headings. In the first section we will be looking and the definition if Taylorism and how Taylorism is implementedRead MoreTopic 1: Mary Parker Follett Has Been Described by Schermerhorn Et Al. (2011) as an Administrative Theorist Within the Classical Approach to Management. However, Others Have Seen Her as Ahead of Her Time, and Have Even1373 Words   |  6 PagesTopic 1: Mary Parker Follett has been described by Schermerhorn et al. (2011) as an Administrative Theorist within the Classical approach to management. However, others have seen her as ahead of her time, and have even described her as thoroughly modern (Hurst, 1992).What were Mary Parker Follett s main contributions to management thought and practice; how do they relate to Classical management theory ; and how are they relevant to practicing managers in contemporary organisations? â€Æ' ‘ClassicalRead MoreHealth Care Management Problem Assessme1522 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Health Care Management Problem Assessment Description Assessment Preparation Effective decision making requires the ability to consistently identify and choose the best option from multiple possibilities. It also requires imagination and logic. Applying the critical thinking process in your professional life will help you disassemble complex health care management problems and better understand the factors that influence your thinking, along with the potential implications of your decisions. InRead MoreGlobal Supply Chain Management And Its Application Within The Business Sector1438 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscusses the general topic on Global supply chain management and its application within the business sector. In addition, to the general topic discussed, I would also focus on the some of my experience doing the class and how those experience and knowledge gained can help me in the future. In my further reflection of the paper I had focused on some topics that I found easier to complete and other topics that did challenge me. My reason of giving a reflection on those topics that were challenging

Analysing The Preferences Of The International Students On The Courses

Question: Discuss about the Analysing The Preferences Of The International Students On The Courses And Universities In Australia That They Have To Enrol Into. Answer: Introduction Phang, (2013) has opined that the internationalisation of Higher Equation (HE) over the past 30 years has experienced a major growth and in the year 1980s and 1990s, international education has emerged as a significant service industry. Thus, as a result of internationalisation, the flow of students across borders has increased. This is evident from the fact that in the past decades, 1.5 million students have studied outside their home countries and in the year 2000, there were 1.5 million international students across the globe in Higher Educational Institutions (OECD, 2012). As per the studies conducted by Phang, (2013), USA has been recognised as a destination country characterised with higher number of international students followed by UK and Australia. Over the past few decades, USA has been observed to have hosted more than one third of the international students across the globe. So, it can be said that education has emerged as an industry that has tremendous potential when c ompared to the other trade business. The statistics have revealed that around 2.9 million students from across the globe have been accepted by the tertiary education in the year 2006 and it is being predicted that by the end o the year 2025, around 7 million students would be accepted by the tertiary education. The increasing demand for international higher education service by the international students has created opportunities for the several destination countries like Australia especially for making significant contributions to the nations revenue (Soria Troisi, 2014). The spastics published by Australian Bureau Statistics revealed that exports from international education in Australia can be valued at $18.8 billion that has made the education service industry, the third largest export for the country in the year 2014-15 (Ministers for the Department of Education and Training, 2016). Thus, taking into consideration the above aspects, the researcher in the present study would strive towards analyzing the preference of the international students in context to the choice of Australian Universities and Courses. Project Objectives The researcher in the present study would strive towards analyzing the facts that encourages and motivate the international students to prefer Australian Universities and courses for their higher studies. Thus, the entire study would strive towards the successful achievement of the following research objectives: To investigate the factors that influence the decision making process of the international students to select higher education abroad. To analyze the factors those are considered by the international students while selecting Australian Universities and Courses. To provide recommendations with the help of Australian Universities and courses can attract more international students for enrolment. Project Scope The present study would be limited to Australian Universities and Courses and the factors of motivation for selecting the university and courses would be collected from the students who are enrolled in the Australian Universities undertaking post graduate and graduate courses. Moreover, since the study emphasizes upon analysing the factors that influence the enrolment of students to international Universities and courses, it is not possible to find relevant data from several host countries. Thus, the researcher has chosen Australian Universities and Courses and it is also because of the fact that Australia in the recent times has emerged as most preferred destination for international students for their higher education after USA. The other reason for choosing Australia as the destination mainly because international higher education for Australian Universities and courses has been successful when measured in terms of the number of international students enrolling in the Australian U niversities and the courses offered and the revenue generated by the education service industry for the country. As per Australian Bureau Statistics, exports from international education in Australia can be valued at $18.8 billion that has made the education service industry, the third largest export for the country in the year 2014-15 (Internationaleducation, 2017). On the other hand, the researcher in order to conduct the study efficiently would limit the scope to Melbourne since it considered as one of the best international centres of excellence an leadership in international education and the location for the study has also been selected taking into consideration the budget, geographical and time constraints. Moreover, the number of participants for the study can be looked upon to be dependent mainly upon the cooperation and permission from Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that limited the sample size of the study. So, the study would be limited mainly to four HEIs in Victoria (Melbourne). Literature Review The studies conducted by Gonzalez et al., (2011) has revealed that while introducing a new product or service in the market, it is important for the producer to gain an enhanced understanding of the specific needs of the customers. Enhanced understanding of the specific needs proves to be beneficial in developing products and services capable of meeting the identified needs. So, in this context, James et al., (2010) proposed the fact that to gain an understanding of the specific needs of the international students while taking a decision to study abroad, there are five group of factors and include the characteristics of the Higher Education Institutions, characteristics of the host country, sources of information, the benefits and risks associated with the selection of the course and the destination. Bodycott, (2009) opined that there are various sources of information that the international students refer to in order to seek valuable information while taking the decision to study abroad and he also proposed that these sources of information not only facilitate the students with relevant information, rather it also influences the decision making process of the students for enrolling at HEIs in the destination country. The sources of information include the friends, relatives, family members, private agents, Australian Education Centres (AECs) and education exhibitions and other sources that include the magazines, internet (website of HEIs) and newspapers. In context to the second factor i.e. the characteristics of HEIs, Hasan et al., (2009) proposed the fact that students while taking the decision of studying aboard and selecting the destination tend to evaluate factors like the tution fees, the recognition of qualification, reputation of HEIs, standard of the course and programme, range of programmes and courses available, facilities provided by the HEI for international students, financial aid available for the international students, time required for completion of the courses, exemption systems and counselling services. In context to the third factor, i.e. the country characteristics, it was proposed by Eder et al., (2010) that while selecting the destination country for studying abroad, the students strive towards evaluating factors that include the cost of living, opportunity for migration, opportunity for part time jobs, safety, geographical proximity, political stability, cultural factors and issues and other facilities like public transportation available. In context to the fourth factors i.e. benefit associated, Salisbury et al., (2009) opined that consumers strive towards trading off against the price they tend to pay for the products and services and then compare the results in the perception of value. Thus, if the value received is high, the willingness on the part of the customers to adopt the new products and services is more. Thus, in context to selecting Australia for higher studies, the students from the Southeast Asian countries, Middle-east and Pacific Islands perceive that by studying in Australia, the opportunities to have good carriers in their home countries would increase and also would lead to enhanced experience. Other benefits that are perceived by the international students include the language improvement, intercultural exchange. In context to the fifth factor i.e. the risk associated, it was put forward by Salisbury et al., (2011) that perceived risk can be referred to as uncertainty on the part of the consumers due to their inability to foresee the consequence of their decision to make the purchase. Thus in case of the decision making process of the international student to study abroad in countries like Australia, the student might face challenges in terms of cultural shock, homesickness, problems in speaking and understanding English, financial constraint and racial discrimination. Thus from the above discussions, it can be said that there are various factors that tend to make a significant influence on the decision making process of the students while selecting a destination country and a university for studying abroad. Problem Statement The studies of Mpinganjira, (2009) has revealed that global mobility in higher education services has emerged as a major factor by the developed countries like USA, UK and Australia and other non-speaking countries like Japan, Malaysia and Singapore. English has been recognised as a global language for communication across the globe and thus has influenced the HEIs while offering international programmes. Moreover, in the recent times, there has been an increase in the demand for studying abroad on the part of the international students and so, it has become important for the HEIs of the countries to understand the specific needs of the international students and the factors that encourage and influence their decision of selecting the destination country and university for undertaking higher education (Phang, 2013). Thus, taking into consideration the above aspect, the researcher in the present study would emphasize upon analysing the factors that influence the decision making process of the international students while making their decision to study abroad and while selecting the destination country and HEI. Research Gap Analysing the available literature, the researcher observed that there exist several studies that has emphasised upon how the international students select their destinations for studying abroad and little focus has been upon the factors that tends to make a significant influence on their decision to select the destination country, course and the HEI (Presley et al., 2010). Moreover, studies in context to Australian Universities and Australia as a destination country are also limited. Thus, the researcher undertook the study to analyze the factors that influence their decision making process of selecting the destination country and universities especially in context to Australia. Moreover, it would prove to be beneficial in making significant contributions to the enhancement of the existing knowledge and literature that would prove to be beneficial for the HEIs to design their courses as per the specific needs of the international students and would also assist the government of the countries to make efforts in developing the country to be a country of choice for international studies by the international students. Hypothesis HEI characteristics positively influence the decision of the international students for studying abroad. Host country characteristics positively influence the decision of the international students for studying abroad. Sources of information positively influence the decision of the international students for studying abroad. Benefits associated with studying abroad positively influence the decision of the international students for studying abroad. Risks associated with studying abroad negatively influence the decision of the international students for studying abroad. Research Questions: Primary Question What is the decision making process involved in selecting the destination country and universities on the part of the student while making the decision of studying abroad? Secondary Questions What are the factors that influence the decision making process of the international students to select higher education abroad? What are the factors those are considered by the international students while selecting Australian Universities and Courses? What are the ways in which Australian Universities and courses can attract more international students for enrolment? Research Design and Methodology Quantitative Research In the present study the researcher would strive towards identifying and evaluating the factors that influences the decision making process of the international students while making the decision of studying abroad. Thus, in order to meet the purpose of the study and as per the nature of the study, the researcher has focused upon collecting both the primary and the secondary data (Brannen, 2017). The secondary data for the research would be collected from online sources that would include the peer reviewed articles and journals published online, early research studies conducted by scholars published online, government website and industry reports (Muijs, 2010). The researcher would collect the secondary data from offline sources like the research papers that would be made available in the library and the lecture notes and study materials provided by the mentors. The primary data taking into consideration the nature and the purpose of the study would be collected by the researcher by conducting a questionnaire survey targeted towards the international students enrolled in graduate and post graduate courses in four HEIs in Victoria (Melbourne). Research Instrument Sheperis et al., (2016) opined that instrument is the generic term that is used by the researcher for a measurement device including survey, test and questionnaires. Thus, instrument can broadly be classified into two braid categories that include the researcher completed and subject completed. The major difference is that the researcher completed instruments are the ones that are administered by the researcher and subject completed instruments are the ones that completed by the participants (Leech Onwuegbuzie, 2009). Thus, in context to the particular study, the researcher would use performance checklists and time and motion logs as researcher completed instruments and questionnaires as the subject completed instruments. Quantitative Data Analysis Process The researcher in the present study would make an effective use of the statistical tools and techniques and software like SPSS and MS Excel to present and analyze the collected data. The researcher with the help of statistical tools and techniques would emphasise upon testing the set hypothesis developed on the basis of the dependent and dependent variables (Boone Boone, 2012). The dependent variable include the process of selection of the destination country and HEI while make the decision of studying abroad by the international students. The independent variables would include the HEI characteristics, Host country characteristics, Sources of information, Benefits associated, Risks associated. The researcher would analyze the collected data with the help of following tools and techniques: Descriptive statistics Assist in comparing and analysing the respondents responses in demographical terms. Simple and Multiple Regression Analysis Assist the researcher in analysing the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables (Johnson Wichern, 2014). It would also assist in testing the set hypothesis. Pearson Correlation Coefficient Testing Assist the researcher to determine the strength of relationship that would exist between the variables adopted for the particular study. Sampling and Sample Size The researcher in order to collect the response of the international student would conduct a questionnaire survey targeted towards the students of four HEIs in Victoria (Melbourne). The researcher would target a sample of 200 students. However, while selecting the universities, the researcher would use non-probabilistic sampling since the selection would be based mainly upon the permission granted for conducting the survey by the HEIs (Lohr, 2009). On the other hand, the students for survey would be selected with the help of probabilistic sampling since it would prove to be beneficial in providing equal opportunity to all the participants to participate in the survey. Questionnaire Design The questionnaire would consist of closed ended questions with limited number of options to avoid confusion on the part of the students while answering (Krosnick Presser, 2010). Moreover, closed ended question would be easily to analyze and before conducting the actual survey, a pilot survey would be consulted to analyse whether the question is well understood or not and required changes would be made as per the feedback before the final survey. Reliability and Validity of Data The reliability of secondary data would be ensured by including only those articles and journals those are peer reviewed, collecting information from government websites and education industry reports and including offline sources like research papers in library made available by the mentor (Marshall et al., 2010). Validity of the secondary data would be ensured by including only those data and information those are published within the time span of 2009 to 2016. In order to ensure the validity of the primary data, the researcher would include questionnaires those would be properly filled up and conduct a pilot survey testing whether the questions and options are easily understood. To ensure the reliability of primary data, the researcher would ensure zero level manipulation. Research Limitations The researcher in the present study would face constraints in terms of budget, geographic proximity and time. So, the researcher would limit the study to only four HEIs in Victoria (Melbourne) and would target a small sample of 200 international students and would conduct the survey via mail (Marshall Rossman, G2014). Time Schedule Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Introduction Objective Setting for the Research Data (Primary and Secondary) Collection Plan Reviewing the Literature Research Methodology Development Primary Data Collection Interpreting and Analyzing the Primary Data Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion Thus it can be said that the study would be a quantitative research and would be based upon both the primary and secondary data to test the hypothesis and analyse the alignment that exist between the practical observations of the researcher gained from the survey and the theoretical knowledge gained from the critical review of the available literature. References Bodycott, P. (2009). Choosing a higher education study abroad destination: What mainland Chinese parents and students rate as important.Journal of research in International education,8(3), 349-373. Boone, H. N., Boone, D. A. (2012). Analyzing likert data.Journal of extension,50(2), 1-5. Brannen, J. (Ed.). (2017).Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. Routledge. Eder, J., Smith, W. W., Pitts, R. E. (2010). Exploring factors influencing student study abroad destination choice.Journal of Teaching in Travel Tourism,10(3), 232-250. Gonzalez, C. R., Mesanza, R. B., Mariel, P. (2011). The determinants of international student mobility flows: An empirical study on the Erasmus programme.Higher Education,62(4), 413-430. Hasan, H. F. A., Ilias, A., Rahman, R. A., Razak, M. Z. A. (2009). Service quality and student satisfaction: A case study at private higher education institutions.International Business Research,1(3), 163. Internationaleducation. (2017).The value of international education to Australia. [online] Available at: https://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/research-papers/Documents/ValueInternationalEd.pdf [Accessed 19 Sep. 2017]. James, R., Krause, K. L., Jennings, C. (2010). The first year experience in Australian universities.Canberra: Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations [DEEWR]. Johnson, R. A., Wichern, D. W. (2014).Applied multivariate statistical analysis(Vol. 4). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Krosnick, J. A., Presser, S. (2010). Question and questionnaire design.Handbook of survey research,2(3), 263-314. Leech, N. L., Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2009). A typology of mixed methods research designs.Quality quantity,43(2), 265-275. Lohr, S. (2009).Sampling: design and analysis. Nelson Education. Marshall, A. L., Miller, Y. D., Burton, N. W., Brown, W. J. (2010). Measuring total and domain-specific sitting: a study of reliability and validity.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,42(6), 1094-1102. Marshall, C., Rossman, G. B. (2014).Designing qualitative research. Sage publications. Ministers for the Department of Education and Training. (2016).Australias international education sector worth more than previously estimated | Ministers' Media Centre, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://ministers.education.gov.au/colbeck/australias-international-education-sector-worth-more-previously-estimated [Accessed 19 Sep. 2017]. Mpinganjira, M. (2009). Comparative analysis of factors influencing the decision to study abroad.African Journal of Business Management,3(8), 358. Muijs, D. (2010).Doing quantitative research in education with SPSS. Sage. OECD. (2012).Education at a Glance 2012. [online] Available at: https://www.oecd.org/edu/highlights.pdf [Accessed 19 Sep. 2017]. Phang, S. L. (2013).Factors influencing international students study destination decision abroad(Master's thesis). Presley, A., Damron-Martinez, D., Zhang, L. (2010). A study of business student choice to study abroad: A test of the theory of planned behavior.Journal of Teaching in International Business,21(4), 227-247. Salisbury, M. H., Paulsen, M. B., Pascarella, E. T. (2011). Why do all the study abroad students look alike? Applying an integrated student choice model to explore differences in the factors that influence white and minority students intent to study abroad.Research in Higher Education,52(2), 123-150. Salisbury, M. H., Umbach, P. D., Paulsen, M. B., Pascarella, E. T. (2009). Going global: Understanding the choice process of the intent to study abroad.Research in higher education,50(2), 119-143. Sheperis, C. J., Young, J. S., Daniels, M. H. (2016).Counseling research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Pearson. Soria, K. M., Troisi, J. (2014). Internationalization at home alternatives to study abroad: Implications for students development of global, international, and intercultural competencies.Journal of Studies in International Education,18(3), 261-280.

Israel Economy Essay Example For Students

Israel Economy Essay I cant find the paper I actually turned in but this is where I got all my info from. It has has all the web addresses for works cited. (Op-Ed by Sever Plotzker, Yediot Ahronot, 26.10.98, p. B5 What the parties will gain: the economic aspect of the agreement. The second redeployment agreement can serve as a springboard for both the Israeli and Palestinian economies, separately and together. The greater beneficiaries, politically, economically and propaganda-wise, are the Palestinians. The agreement removes restrictions and solves hardships that have prevented growth and development in the Palestinian Authority. The influence of the Israeli economy has been lessened and will be expressed mainly in the change of atmosphere. In the coming months, the three countries Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority will be considered by the international business community to be more stable and less dangerous and thus more attractive for investment. If investments arrive is another matter, depending on the global economic situation. President Clinton has promised Israel security aid, but no economic aid, to implement the a greement. The amount of the special aid will reach hundred of millions of dollars, Jerusalem believes. The expense must be approved by Congress. Will the second redeployment agreement have the power and spirit to pull the Israeli economy out of its recession and calm the foreign currency market? Doubtful. Much more is needed to do that an economic policy devoted to growth, a comprehensive Israeli-Palestinian-Arab peace, as well as a renewal of the concept of a New Middle East Economy. What are the economic advantages for the Palestinians from the second redeployment agreement? In a sentence, they will be less dependent on Israel and will stand more firmly on their own feet. * An international airport in Gaza will serve tourists, visitors and Palestinian importers and exporters, without Israeli intervention. * Safe passage between the two parts of the PA will, over time, enable the free flow of work, capital and initiative. * Industrial zones the first at the Karni crossing will p romote Palestinian high- tech, which is just starting out. Investors may come. * A port at Gaza, though not economically viable, will give a feeling of independence and remove the economic stranglehold that the Palestinians complain about. Construction work on the port will provide employment for many Palestinians. * A presidential visit by Bill Clinton in Gaza will be an important signal to the American business community to invest with the Palestinians; the president usually brings plenty of businessmen to such shows of friendship. * The United States will supply the Palestinian Authority with additional economic aid, totaling hundreds of millions of dollars. Although the PA has succeeded in improving its budgetary performance, establishing institutions for economic self-management and passing appropriate legislation and regulations, the international aid funds are being depleted. The Gulf states, hit by the fall in oil prices, have ceased giving aid. American funds, therefore, ar e vital. * Direct and indirect unemployment has fallen in the autonomous areas over the past year, and Palestinian GNP has accordingly risen. Palestinian workers have returned to Israel, alongside new employment opportunities in the Palestinian areas. Donor countries have transferred huge sums of money to infrastructure projects, in cooperation with the business community and under World Bank supervision. The most important and ambitious of these is Project Bethlehem 2000, a $330 million investment to develop tourist facilities in advance of the 2000th anniversary of Jesus birth. There would have been no chance of realizing the project without an agreement on the second redeployment. And what do we gain from it? A lot. Positive economic development in the Palestinian Authority will have positive political implications from Israels perspective: the level of hostility will be reduced, zealotry will retreat and the desire for cooperation will increase. It has been proved many times ove r that peace is good for business. http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH07nx0He who tills the land shall be satisfied with bread Israel attained the highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate among Western (OECD) economies during 1990-96, averaging almost 6 percent during these years. In 1997 this fell to 1.90 percent. Its per capita GDP (today some $16,950), places it 21st among 200 countries in the world. Although a small country (population some 5.9 million), Israels international position in some areas of industrial and agricultural production capacity and exports is remarkable. Free trade agreements with Europe (the European Union and European Free Trade Association) and the United States facilitate Israels $32.5 billion of exports (goods and services, 1997) and its participation in international business enterprises, contributing to the countrys accelerated growth during the 1990-96 period.The shekel, Israels unit of currency, (valued at $0.25 in September 1998), was known as early as the second mil lennium BCE as a unit of weight for means of payment in gold and silver. It is recorded in the Bible that Abraham negotiated the purchase of a field and the cave that was therein, at Machpela (near Hebron), saying: I will give thee money for the field; take it of me, and I will bury my dead there. Ephron, the landowner, replied: The land is worth four hundred shekels of silverand Abraham weighed to Ephron four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant (Genesis 23:13, 15-17). http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00m50For the first 25 years, the economy reached a striking average growth rate in the GDP of about 10 percent annually, while at the same time absorbing several mass immigrations, building a modern economy, fighting four wars and maintaining security. This economic miracle is ascribed largely to the use made of economic aid received over the years, enabling mass capital investment in means of production, and to the countrys success in rapidly absorbing immigrants and involving them in productive settings. Between 1973 and 1979 the growth rate decreased (as in most industrialized countries, partly due to the oil crises of 1973/4 and 1979/80) to a yearly average of 3.8 percent and, in the 1980s, it dwindled to 3.1 percent. In 1990-96 it averaged 6 percent. In 1997 the total GDP grew by 1.9%, to $98.5 billion ($16,950 per capita), a 25-fold real increase since 1950. http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00m60The achievements of the Israeli economy in the countrys first 50 years are no less impressive or fascinating than those in any other area of Israeli history. These achievements especially those in the early years of the state have amazed economic experts worldwide. From the very beginning, the country faced awesome challenges. The fledgling country found itself in a brutal war of existence and, at the same time, hundreds of thousands of refugees from the Holocaust in Europe and from persecution in Arab lands were knocking at the door of the newborn state, which did not even have enough tents to house them, let alone food to feed them. These challenges were enough to crush economies larger and stronger than that of Israel, which then was a country with a population of about 650,000 people living in an area of less than 8000 square miles (nearly 21,000 km2), most of it desert and rocky mountains. Looking back, it seems that the history of the Israeli economy like that of Israel, in general has been a story of recurring dangers and crises threatening to destroy it. The economys success in rescuing itself from all these crises, emerging each time stronger than it had been previously, is perhaps its biggest achievement. Each of the achievements described below, and it is not possible to list them all, is important in its own right. However, it is when they are considered together that they constitute building blocks in the countrys main economic achievement: Israels current economic strength, as testified to by its membership in the group of 25 countries with the highest per capita national income in the world, and Israels return in the 90s to the group of countries with the worlds highest rates of economic growth. http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00uc0This requires a great deal of public resources in all countries. However, in Israels case, the resources required were even greater. This was not because the needs of immigrants were greater, but also because it became clear by the end of the 60s that it would be necessary to make efforts to rescue from poverty quite a few of the immigrant families that had arrived during the early years of the state. As a result of the lack of funds available when these immigrants arrived in Israel, their physical and social absorption had not always been successful. Thus, the Israeli economy had to allocate resources to deal with a variety of issues in the areas of housing, education, health and social rehabilitation. Again, the cost was high. This achievement entailed, or at least so it would seem, contravening a law of economic theory (based on the principle of the scarcity of resources) allowing the consumption of only as much as is produced because throughout Israels existence the economy has used more resources than it produced, despite the rapid growth in its national product. In national accounts terms, this is illustrated by the fact that the value of Israels imports has constantly been greater than the value of its exports. It was only due to the ability to finance this deficit (the annual difference between imports and exports) that the Israeli economy was able to meet all of the challenges cited above. How did it do this? Basically, it financed this annual deficit through tremendous financial assistance that the country succeeded in raising around the world. The annual trade deficit increased from $220 million in 1949 to about $12.9 billion in 1996 (all in nominal terms). Each year, Israels Finance Minister wo uld recruit resources to cover this annual deficit. A small portion of this money came in the form of investments by foreigners in businesses in Israel; an even smaller amount came from pensions and other income from abroad of individuals in Israel; a significant amount came from appeals organized by Jewish institutions, and a large part came in the form of loans from individuals (primarily in the framework of Israel Bonds), banks and governments. More than half of the required amount came from grants from friendly governments (first and foremost, the United States). Over the years, this imported capital to cover the annual deficits in foreign currency has totaled more than $120 billion (in nominal terms). Lee De Forest EssayIt would have been reasonable to assume that in a national economy such as that of Israel, which had to withstand the burdens described above and at the same time maintained one of the worlds highest rates of economic growth, there would be no resources left over for individuals to use to raise their standard of living, i.e., their private consumption. In fact, if the Israeli economy only had at its disposal the means resulting from its own product, the tremendous level of public consumption and the savings required to finance the investments necessary for continued GNP growth would have made this the case. However, as mentioned above, the economy benefited from a large capital import which allowed it to record its achievements. This left enough to allow private households to improve their standard of living. Until 1970, per capita private consumption rose by an average annual rate of some 4.7%, and has risen by about 3.2% since then. While there were a few years in which this consumption dropped, most of these during the second period, there have been more than 40 years in which per capita private consumption increased (at levels ranging from 1 to 11 percent), a noteworthy achievement. In this context, it is no less noteworthy that during this period the citizens of Israel showed restraint and did not spend all of their personal income. Rather, they behaved economically, saving a significant part of it thus contributing to the investment possibilities of the country and allowing the economy to become that much less reliant on imported capital. The rate of private savings in Israel is one of the highest in the world. During the countrys first decade, the proportion of private disposable income that was set aside as savings never dropped below 29%. At the beginning of the 60s, this ratio fell to 21%, but it then climbed up to 38% in 1972. In the following decade, the savings rate dropped to 34%, then to 29% in 1985 and 25% in 1996. As in all Western countries, a progressive income tax system in Israel serves to reduce inequality of income between individuals in the economy. This is accomplished by taking about half of the income of the richest individuals (those belonging to the highest deciles on the basis of income) while granting an exemption from income tax to those in the lowest income deciles. Income inequality is further reduced through a system of social transfer payments to complement income of those in need, using a variety of criteria, by the National Insurance Institute and other sources.In addition to this policy of reducing inequality by refraining from collecting taxes from those with low incomes and by providing them with financial assistance, the government also works to reduce inequality by directly providing services such as education, health and culture that, while benefiting the entire population, are of greater benefit to those with lower incomes. The amount spent on these social services, both in absolute terms and in terms of the proportion of the total public expenditure spent on these services, has risen over the years, especially in the past two decades, during which the defense burden, as a percentage of the national product, began to decline. However, not only has the real value of the budget for these services more than doubled over the course of the past decade with its weight in the average disposable income of households rising from 17% to 23% but the contribution that these services make to the reduction of inequality has increased, especially with the recent introduction of national health insurance in Israel. Thus, while the economic income of the lowest decile equals only 8% of the income of the highest decile (a slight improvement as compared with 6.6% 40 years ago), the payments that they receive and the fact that their income tax and national insurance payments equal less than 2% of that of the highest decile, raise their disposable income to 19% of that of the highest decile. When one also takes into account the services that are provided directly by the government, the inequality is reduced even further, raising the lowest deciles actual income (financial plus the value of services provided) to 27% of that of the highest decile. This is 3.4 times more than before government intervention. Of all the branches of the Israeli economy, industry has grown the most: its growth rate is higher than that of the total national product; industrial exports have increased more than total exports; and the number of people employed in industry has risen more than in any other branch of the economy. Furthermore, the future development of the Israeli economy depends on the growth of the industrial sector. In recent times, this sector has accounted for about 65% of the total export of goods and services, has received about 25% of the total investments in the economy, has produced 23% of the total national product and has employed about 22% of the total number of workers. These achievements in the manufacturing industry stand out, not only because of the fact that its product actually shrunk in the first three years of statehood (when public and economic attention was focused on the physical absorption of the new immigrants), but also in view of the pre-statehood Zionist policymakers id eological disregard of industry during the first decades of renewed Jewish settlement in the Land of Israel. These leaders saw agricultural settlements as the highest priority and gave this area of activity whatever financial support could be raised. In those years, industry was thought of, at best, as essential in order to serve agriculture. The status awarded to industry only improved during WWII when it made a significant contribution to the war effort of the Allies. Between 1950 and 1996, industrial exports rose from $13 million to $17.1 billion, a 167-fold increase (in real terms). The number of people employed in industry rose by four times, from 95,000 to 388,000. In the period 1952-1973, total industrial output grew at an average of about 12% per year, whereas during 1974-1996 it grew by an average of about 4% annually. The growth of the hi-tech section of industry is even more remarkable: 30 years ago it was 37% of the industrial output, compared to 56% a decade ago and 66% today. In 1970 hi-tech exports amounted to $540 million, or 20% of total industrial exports, whereas in 1996 they were 20 times larger exceeding $10 billion, or 60% of total industrial exports. Much of the fast growth of this section of industry may be attributed to the influx of highly skilled manpower arriving in Israel with the recent wave of immigration. Also, hi-tech industry in Israel enjoys generous RD public budget allocations and high rates of return on investments. It is no wonder that keen interest in Israeli hi-tech shares is shown in stock exchanges around the world. http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00uc0Over the last few years, Israel has come to resemble Silicon Valley, and much of its innovation can be traced to the technical training its entrepreneurs received in the military. Indeed, with a total population of only six million, there are more than a hundred Nasdaq-listed companies based in Israel and an estimated 4,000 startups in the pipeline. Even optimists, however, such as Zeev Holtzman, chairman of Zinook and Giza Venture Capital, believe there will be a slowdown in the fourth quarter. But Holtzman thinks such a downtick will be more attributable to activity in foreign capital markets than the war. Holtzman sees the U.S. economy and the Nasdaq as the primary drivers of Israels technology sector. There is also a concern that the fighting may threaten investment in the research and development, Zinooks third-quarter report claims that of total money raised the largest chunk, 45 percent, went to research and development. At present, Israeli research centers are located far from the fighting. The televised clashes occur overwhelmingly in the Palestinian occupied West Bank. In other parts of the country, its business as usual. Still there is one looming threat to keep an eye on, is the electronic damage caused by a â€Å"cyber jihad.† Internet attacks have increased sharply, with all the recent fightings, forcing at least 40 sites to temporarily shut down, including Israels Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Defense Forces. IDefense Intelligence Services warns that other prime targets may include major Egyptian and U.S. government agencies, ATT, Yahoo! and CNN, some of whom have already been mentioned in message traffic monitored by iDefense. Bibliography: